Skip to content

Publications

Methods papers (cite when using CALLIOPE)

If you use CALLIOPE in published work, please cite the following three methods papers, which together describe (i) the original mass-balance + Henry's law framework, (ii) the multi-species redox-coupled extension, and (iii) the magma-ocean evolution context that defined the present species set.

  • Bower, D.J., Kitzmann, D., Wolf, A.S., Sanan, P., Dorn, C., & Oza, A.V. (2019). Linking the evolution of terrestrial interiors and an early outgassed atmosphere to astrophysical observations. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 631, A103. [ADS | DOI]
  • Bower, D.J., Hakim, K., Sossi, P.A., & Sanan, P. (2022). Retention of water in terrestrial magma oceans and carbon-rich early atmospheres. The Planetary Science Journal, 3(4), 93. [ADS | DOI]
  • Nicholls, H., Lichtenberg, T., Bower, D.J., & Pierrehumbert, R. (2024). Magma ocean evolution at arbitrary redox state. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 129, e2024JE008576. [ADS | DOI | arXiv]

Underlying chemistry and solubility-law sources

CALLIOPE inherits its calibration from the following experimental and thermochemical-fit papers. Cite as appropriate to the species and conditions you exercise.

Equilibrium constants

  • Chase, M.W. (1998). NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 4th edition, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data Monograph 9. Source for the JANAF fits used in janaf_H2, janaf_CO, janaf_SO2, janaf_H2S, janaf_NH3. [NIST landing page]
  • Schaefer, L., & Fegley, B. (2017). Redox states of initial atmospheres outgassed on rocky planets and planetesimals. The Astrophysical Journal, 843(2), 120. [ADS | DOI] (IVTHANTHERMO source for schaefer_H, schaefer_C, schaefer_CH4.)

Oxygen-fugacity buffers

  • O'Neill, H.St.C., & Eggins, S.M. (2002). The effect of melt composition on trace element partitioning: an experimental investigation of the activity coefficients of FeO, NiO, CoO, MoO\(_2\) and MoO\(_3\) in silicate melts. Chemical Geology, 186, 151-181. [ADS | DOI] (Source for the IW buffer parameterisation oneill.)
  • Fischer, R.A., Campbell, A.J., Shofner, G.A., Lord, O.T., Dera, P., & Prakapenka, V.B. (2011). Equation of state and phase diagram of FeO. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 496-502. [ADS | DOI] (Source for the alternative IW buffer fischer.)
  • Sossi, P.A., Burnham, A.D., Badro, J., Lanzirotti, A., Newville, M., & O'Neill, H.St.C. (2020). Redox state of Earth's magma ocean and its Venus-like early atmosphere. Science Advances, 6, eabd1387. [ADS | DOI] (Reference for the modern Earth \(\Delta\mathrm{IW} \approx +3.5\) used as a default.)

Solubility laws

  • Sossi, P.A., Tollan, P.M.E., Badro, J., & Bower, D.J. (2023). Solubility of water in peridotite liquids and the prevalence of steam atmospheres on rocky planets. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 601, 117894. [ADS | DOI | arXiv] (CALLIOPE H\(_2\)O default peridotite.)
  • Newcombe, M.E., Brett, A., Beckett, J.R., Baker, M.B., Newman, S., Guan, Y., Eiler, J.M., & Stolper, E.M. (2017). Solubility of water in lunar basalt at low pH\(_2\)O. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 200, 330-352. [ADS | DOI] (CALLIOPE H\(_2\)O lunar_glass and anorthite_diopside.)
  • Dixon, J.E., Stolper, E.M., & Holloway, J.R. (1995). An experimental study of water and carbon dioxide solubilities in mid-ocean ridge basaltic liquids. Part I: Calibration and solubility models. Journal of Petrology, 36(6), 1607-1631. [ADS | DOI] (CALLIOPE CO\(_2\) basalt_dixon and H\(_2\)O basalt_dixon.)
  • Hamilton, D.L., Burnham, C.W., & Osborn, E.F. (1964). The solubility of water and effects of oxygen fugacity and water content on crystallization in mafic magmas. Journal of Petrology, 5(1), 21-39. [DOI] (Underlying H\(_2\)O solubility data behind basalt_wilson.)
  • Wilson, L., & Head, J.W. (1981). Ascent and eruption of basaltic magma on the Earth and Moon. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86(B4), 2971-3001. [ADS | DOI] (CALLIOPE H\(_2\)O basalt_wilson parametrisation.)
  • Armstrong, L.S., Hirschmann, M.M., Stanley, B.D., Falksen, E.G., & Jacobsen, S.D. (2015). Speciation and solubility of reduced C-O-H-N volatiles in mafic melt: implications for volcanism, atmospheric evolution, and deep volatile cycles in the terrestrial planets. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 171, 283-302. [ADS | DOI] (CALLIOPE CO solubility mafic_armstrong.)
  • Ardia, P., Hirschmann, M.M., Withers, A.C., & Stanley, B.D. (2013). Solubility of CH\(_4\) in a synthetic basaltic melt, with applications to atmosphere-magma ocean-core partitioning of volatiles and to the evolution of the Martian atmosphere. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 114, 52-71. [ADS | DOI] (CALLIOPE CH\(_4\) basalt_ardia.)
  • Libourel, G., Marty, B., & Humbert, F. (2003). Nitrogen solubility in basaltic melt. Part I. Effect of oxygen fugacity. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(21), 4123-4135. [ADS | DOI] (CALLIOPE N\(_2\) libourel.)
  • Dasgupta, R., Falksen, E., Pal, A., & Sun, C. (2022). The fate of nitrogen during parent body partial melting and accretion of the inner Solar System bodies at reducing conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 336, 291-307. [ADS | DOI] (CALLIOPE N\(_2\) default dasgupta.)
  • Gaillard, F., Bernadou, F., Roskosz, M., Bouhifd, M.A., Marrocchi, Y., Iacono-Marziano, G., Moreira, M., Scaillet, B., & Rogerie, G. (2022). Redox controls during magma ocean degassing. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 577, 117255. [ADS | DOI] (CALLIOPE S\(_2\) gaillard.)

Bulk-Earth elemental abundances

  • Wang, H.S., Lineweaver, C.H., & Ireland, T.R. (2018). The elemental abundances (with uncertainties) of the most Earth-like planet. Icarus, 299, 460-474. [ADS | DOI] (Source for the primitive-mantle nitrogen \(\sim\)2 ppmw fiducial used in the first-run tutorial.)

Applications using CALLIOPE within PROTEUS

These are publications that have applied CALLIOPE within coupled PROTEUS runs.

  • Nicholls, H., Pierrehumbert, R.T., Lichtenberg, T., Soucasse, L., & Smeets, S. (2025). Convective shutdown in the atmospheres of lava worlds. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 536(3), 2957-2971. [ADS | DOI | arXiv]
  • Nicholls, H., Lichtenberg, T., Chatterjee, R.D., Guimond, C.M., Postolec, E., & Pierrehumbert, R.T. (2026). Volatile-rich evolution of molten super-Earth L 98-59 d. Nature Astronomy. [ADS | DOI]
  • Bower, D.J., Thompson, M.A., Hakim, K., Tian, M., & Sossi, P.A. (2025). Diversity of low-mass planet atmospheres in the C-H-O-N-S-Cl system with interior dissolution, nonideality, and condensation: application to TRAPPIST-1e and sub-Neptunes. The Astrophysical Journal, 995, 59. [ADS | arXiv] The atmodeller successor framework, used as the alternative outgassing module within PROTEUS.

CALLIOPE is also part of the wider PROTEUS publication record, the live list for which is at proteus-framework.org/publications.