Skip to content

Physical constants

Constants used throughout VULCAN, defined in phy_const.py. All values are in cgs units, taken from the astropy package.

Symbol Name Value Units
kb Boltzmann constant 1.38064852e-16 erg K\(^{-1}\)
Navo Avogadro's number 6.02214086e23 mol\(^{-1}\)
hc Planck constant × speed of light 1.98644582e-9 erg nm
au Astronomical unit 1.49597871e13 cm
r_sun Solar radius 6.957e10 cm
r_jup Jupiter equatorial radius 7.1492e9 cm
ag0 Asymmetry factor (radiative transfer) 0

Gas constant \(R\)

The universal gas constant is \(R = k_B \times N_\text{avo}\), and the specific gas constant for a species with molar mass \(M\) is \(R_\text{spec} = R / M\). hc is used to convert the stellar flux to actinic flux (photons cm\(^{-2}\) s\(^{-1}\) nm\(^{-1}\)).