mors.stellarevo

def Icore(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns core moment of interia."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Icore' , ModelData=ModelData )

def Ienv(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns envelope moment of interia."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Ienv' , ModelData=ModelData )

def Itotal(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns total moment of interia."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Itotal' , ModelData=ModelData )

def Lbol(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns bolometric luminosity."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Lbol' , ModelData=ModelData )

def LoadTrack(Mstar,ModelData=None,ClearData=False):
    global ModelDataDefault
    """Takes stellar mass, loads evolutionary track for a specific mass into the model data.

    This can be useful if the user wants to load a specific evolutionary track into a model data for a specific mass
    since this will make getting values for this mass faster since no interpolation between mass bins will be needed.
    The user might also want to set ClearData to True if doing the calculation only for a single stellar mass since
    this will cause the function to remove data for all other masses, which saves memory, though usually this will
    only be necessary if the user is going to have data for a very large number of stars loaded simultaneously. Note
    that this does not change ModelDataDefault.

    Parameters
    ----------
    Mstar : float
        Mass of star in Msun.
    ModelData : dict , optional
        Dictionary of dictionaries holding set of stellar evolution models.
    ClearData : bool , optional
        If set to True, all other stellar masses will be removed from the ModelData dictionary.

    Returns
    -------
    ModelData : dict
        Updated dictionary of stellar evolution models.
    """

    # Use default model data if nothing was specified
    if ModelData is None:
        ModelData = ModelDataDefault

    # Check if ModelData is not None, otherwise need to load defaults
    if ModelData is None:
        ModelData = _LoadDefaultModelData()

    # Only do something if Mstar is not already in ModelData
    if Mstar not in ModelData:

        # Get evo tracks for this mass and add it to the dictionary
        Data = _LoadTrack(Mstar,ModelData)

        # Add extra term to ModelData
        ModelData[Mstar] = Data

        # Add this mass to MstarAll in ModelData
        ModelData['MstarAll'] = np.sort( np.append( ModelData['MstarAll'] , Mstar ) )

        # If ModelDataDefault is not None, add this also to that
        if ModelDataDefault is not None:
            ModelDataDefault[Mstar] = Data

    # If ClearData is set, remove all other tracks from return dictionary, but not ModelDataDefault
    if ClearData:

        # Do this by making a new dictionary and copying stuff in

        # Make deepcopy of dictionary
        ModelDataOld = copy.deepcopy(ModelData)

        # Make new dictionary
        ModelData = {}

        # Make new MstarAll array
        ModelData['MstarAll'] = np.array([Mstar])

        # Add properties
        ModelData['ParamsAll'] = ModelDataOld['ParamsAll']

        # Add tracks for this mass bin
        ModelData[Mstar] = ModelDataOld[Mstar]

    return ModelData

def Mcore(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns core mass."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Mcore' , ModelData=ModelData )

def Menv(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns envelope mass."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Menv' , ModelData=ModelData )

def Rcore(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns core radius."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Rcore' , ModelData=ModelData )

def Rstar(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns stellar radius."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Rstar' , ModelData=ModelData )

def Teff(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns effective temperature."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'Teff' , ModelData=ModelData )

def Value(MstarIn,AgeIn,ParamString,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes stellar mass, age, and a parameter string, returns values corresponding to named parameter.

    The set of models should have already been loaded. With this function, the user can ask for a value
    of one of the parameters for a specific stellar mass and age. All three of these can be input as multiple
    values and an array of values will be returned if this is the case. For example, if MstarIn is input as
    a 1D array, the function will return a 1D array giving the value for each of these masses. ParamString
    can be input as a list of strings and values for each parameter in that list will be returned in a 1D
    array. If two are given as arrays or lists, then a 2D array will be returned. If all three then a 3D
    array with dimensions len(MstarIn)xlen(AgeIn)xlen(ParamString) will be returned.

    Parameters
    ----------
    MstarIn : float or int or numpy.ndarray
        Mass of star in Msun.
    AgeIn : float or int or numpy.ndarray
        Age in Myr.
    ParamString : str
        String holding name of parameter to get value for.
    ModelData : dict , optional
        Dictionary of dictionaries holding set of stellar evolution models.

    Returns
    -------
    value : float or numpy.ndarray
        Value of parameter at this mass and age.

    """

    # Check if ModelData is not None, otherwise need to load defaults
    if ModelData is None:
        ModelData = _LoadDefaultModelData()

    # There are now eight scenarios here
    #   1. Mstar and Age are both floats, so return float.
    #   2. Mstar is float and Age is numpy.ndarray, so return numpy.ndarray of length len(Age).
    #   3. Mstar is numpy.ndarray and Age is float, so return numpy.ndarray of length len(Age)
    #   4. Mstar and Age are both numpy.ndarray, so return numpy.ndarray of shape ( len(Mstar) , len(Age) ).
    # Note: could use type(X).__module__ == 'numpy' to test for numpy but it doesn't work if

    # Get Mstar and Age in correct types
    Mstar = misc._convertFloatArray(MstarIn)
    Age = misc._convertFloatArray(AgeIn)

    # Make sure Mstar and Age are correct types
    if Mstar is None:
        raise Exception("argument Mstar has invalid type")
    if Age is None:
        raise Exception("argument Age has invalid type")

    # Find if scenario 1 (most likely)
    if ( isinstance(Mstar,float) and isinstance(Age,float) and isinstance(ParamString,str) ):

        # Scenario 1 so just get value
        value = _ValueSingle( Mstar , Age , ParamString , ModelData=ModelData )

    else:

        # In this case, the output will be an array with up to three dimensions, so first make 3D array
        # and then remove dimensions with only one element

        # Get number of elements in all three directions
        try:
            nMstar = len(Mstar)
        except:
            nMstar = 1

        try:
            nAge = len(Age)
        except:
            nAge = 1

        if isinstance(ParamString,list):
            nParam = len(ParamString)
        else:
            nParam = 1

        # Make array
        value = np.zeros((nMstar,nAge,nParam))

        # Loop over values
        for iMstar in range(0,nMstar):
            for iAge in range(0,nAge):
                for iParam in range(0,nParam):

                    # Get values of Mstar, Age, and ParamString
                    if isinstance(Mstar,float):
                        MstarValue = Mstar
                    else:
                        MstarValue = Mstar[iMstar]

                    if isinstance(Age,float):
                        AgeValue = Age
                    else:
                        AgeValue = Age[iAge]

                    if isinstance(ParamString,str):
                        ParamStringValue = ParamString
                    else:
                        ParamStringValue = ParamString[iParam]

                    # Now get the value
                    value[iMstar,iAge,iParam] = _ValueSingle( MstarValue , AgeValue , ParamStringValue , ModelData=ModelData )

        # Now get rid of unwanted dimensions
        value = np.squeeze(value)

    return value

def _CalculateGradient(Age,X):
    """Takes an evolutionary track for quantity, returns evolution of rate of change of quantity."""

    # Number of age bins
    nAge = len(Age)

    # Make array
    dXdt = np.zeros(nAge)

    # Set first and last elements
    dXdt[0] = ( X[1] - X[0] ) / ( Age[1] - Age[0] )
    dXdt[nAge-1] = ( X[nAge-1] - X[nAge-2] ) / ( Age[nAge-1] - Age[nAge-2] )

    # Do rest of ages
    dXdt[1:nAge-1] = ( X[2:nAge] - X[0:nAge-2] ) / ( Age[2:nAge] - Age[0:nAge-2] )

    dAge = np.zeros(nAge)
    dAge[0] = Age[1] - Age[0]
    dAge[1:nAge-1] = Age[2:nAge] - Age[0:nAge-2]
    dAge[nAge-1] = Age[nAge-1] - Age[nAge-2]

    return dXdt

def _CheckAgeLimit(AgeArray,Age):
    """Takes age track and an age, outputs error and stops code if age is not within limits."""

    # Round the age to decimal places determined by nDecValue at top of file
    Age = np.round( Age , decimals=nDecValue )

    # Do check
    if not ( AgeArray[0] <= Age <= AgeArray[-1] ):
        raise Exception("input age "+str(Age)+" is not within limits of "+str(AgeArray[0])+" to "+str(AgeArray[-1]))

    return

def _CheckMassLimit(MstarArray,Mstar):
    """Takes array of masses and an age, outputs error and stops code if mass is not within limits."""

    if not ( np.min(MstarArray) <= Mstar <= np.max(MstarArray) ):
        raise Exception("input stellar mass "+str(Mstar)+" is not within limits of "+str(np.min(MstarArray))+" to "+str(np.max(MstarArray)))

    return

def _CompileNewGrid(starEvoDir,evoModels):
    """Compiles new dictionary of stellar evo models."""

    # List all masses to load
    MstarAll = np.array([ 0.1 , 0.15 , 0.2 , 0.25 , 0.3 , 0.35 , 0.4 , 0.45 , 0.5 , 0.55 , 0.6 , 0.65 , 0.7 , 0.75 , 0.8 , 0.85 , 0.9 , 0.95 , 1.0 , 1.05 , 1.1 , 1.15 , 1.2 , 1.25 ])

    # Mass components of the filenames for these masses
    MstarFilenameMiddle = [ '0p10' , '0p15' , '0p20' , '0p25' , '0p30' , '0p35' , '0p40' , '0p45' , '0p50' , '0p55' , '0p60' , '0p65' , '0p70' , '0p75' , '0p80' , '0p85' , '0p90' , '0p95' , '1p00' , '1p05' , '1p10' , '1p15' , '1p20' , '1p25' ]

    # Start empty dictionary
    ModelData = {}

    # Add stellar mass array
    ModelData['MstarAll'] = MstarAll

    # Add a list of strings holding each of the parameters
    ModelData['ParamsAll'] = [ 'Mstar' , 'Age' , 'Rstar' , 'Lbol' , 'Teff' , 'Itotal' , 'Icore' , 'Ienv' , 'Mcore' , 'Menv' , 'Rcore' ,
                                'tauConv' , 'dItotaldt' , 'dIcoredt' , 'dIenvdt' , 'dMcoredt' , 'dRcoredt' ]

    # Loop over masses and add each one to dictionary
    for iMstar in range(0,len(MstarAll)):
        ModelData[MstarAll[iMstar]] = _ReadEvolutionTrack( starEvoDir , evoModels , MstarAll[iMstar] , MstarFilenameMiddle[iMstar] )

    # Save compiled models
    with open(starEvoDir+"/"+evoModels+".pickle",'wb') as f:
        pickle.dump(ModelData,f)


    return ModelData

def _Interpolate1D(Xarray,Yarray,X):
    """Takes 1D arrays for corresponding X and Y values, returns interpolated Y value corresponding to input X."""

    # Note that it is assumed here that Xarray is in ascending order and this won't work if it is not

    # Make sure X is in limits
    if not ( Xarray[0] <= X <= Xarray[-1] ):
        raise Exception("input value "+str(X)+" is not within limits of "+str(Xarray[0])+" to "+str(Xarray[-1]))

    # Get index of X closest to but smaller than value
    iMin = misc._getIndexLTordered(Xarray,X)
    iMax = iMin + 1

    # Check if X is an element in Xarray
    if ( Xarray[iMin] == X ):
        return Yarray[iMin]
    elif ( Xarray[iMax] == X ):
        return Yarray[iMax]
    else:

        # Do linear interpolation
        delta = (X-Xarray[iMin])/(Xarray[iMax]-Xarray[iMin])
        Y = Yarray[iMax]*delta + Yarray[iMin]*(1-delta)

    return Y

def _Interpolate2D(Z1,Z2,Z,Xarray1,Xarray2,X,Yarray1,Yarray2):
    """Takes two sets of 1D arrays for corresponding X and Y values, returns interpolated Y value corresponding to input X."""

    # Do interpolations to get Y at X for both tracks
    Y1 = _Interpolate1D( Xarray1 , Yarray1 , X )
    Y2 = _Interpolate1D( Xarray2 , Yarray2 , X )

    # Do linear interpolation between Y1 and Y2 in Z direction
    delta = (Z-Z1)/(Z2-Z1)
    Y = Y2*delta + Y1*(1-delta)

    return Y

def _LoadDefaultModelData():
    global ModelDataDefault
    """Loads model data for the default model to be used if no StarEvo class object is used."""

    # Loading a default model is generally not necessary, but it would be useful if the user doesn't want to mess
    # around with creating a StarEvo class object and instead just wants to quickly get a few values.

    # Load the data
    ModelDataDefault = _LoadModels()

    return ModelDataDefault

def _LoadModels(starEvoDir=starEvoDirDefault,evoModels=evoModelsDefault):
    """Loads evolutionary tracks as a grid of parameters at each mass and age."""

    # Check if should compile new grid of evolutionary models or load previous grid
    if _shouldCompileNew(starEvoDir,evoModels):
        ModelData = _CompileNewGrid(starEvoDir,evoModels)
    else:
        ModelData = _LoadSavedGrid(starEvoDir,evoModels)

    return ModelData

def _LoadSavedGrid(starEvoDir,evoModels):
    """Takes filename for stellar evo model, returns grid of models."""

    # Simply load data
    with open(starEvoDir+"/"+evoModels+".pickle",'rb') as f:
        ModelData = pickle.load(f)

    return ModelData

def _LoadTrack(Mstar,ModelData):
    """Takes stellar mass and model data dictionary, returns dictionary with track for this mass."""

    # Round mass to nDecValue decimal places specified at top of this file
    Mstar = np.round( Mstar , decimals=nDecValue )

    # Make sure within mass limit
    _CheckMassLimit( ModelData['MstarAll'] , Mstar )

    # Get nearest mass bin below
    iMin = misc._getIndexLT( ModelData['MstarAll'] , Mstar )
    MstarMin = ModelData['MstarAll'][iMin]

    # Get nearest mass bin above
    iMax = misc._getIndexGT( ModelData['MstarAll'] , Mstar )
    MstarMax = ModelData['MstarAll'][iMax]

    # Get dictionaries for masses below and above Mstar
    DataMin = ModelData[MstarMin]
    DataMax = ModelData[MstarMax]

    # Get min and max ages to include
    #   for min, this is the maximum starting age of the two tracks
    #   for max, this is the minimum ending age of the two tracks
    AgeMin = np.max( [ DataMin['Age'][0] , DataMax['Age'][0] ] )
    AgeMax = np.min( [ DataMin['Age'][-1] , DataMax['Age'][-1] ] )

    # Number of age bins to use, just make this minimum of the number in the two tracks
    nAge = np.min( [ len(DataMin['Age']) , len(DataMax['Age']) ] )

    # Make age array, log spacing
    Age = np.logspace( np.log10(AgeMin) , np.log10(AgeMax) , nAge )

    # Round ages to nDecValue decimal placed specified at top of this file
    Age = np.round( Age , decimals=nDecValue )

    # Start the output dictionary
    Data = {}

    # Add mass and age array to dictionary
    Data['Mstar'] = Mstar
    Data['Age'] = Age

    # Loop over parameters and get tracks for each (do parameters in DataMin)
    for param in DataMin:

        # Skip parameter if already added (so don't do Mstar and Age again)
        if ( param in Data ):
            continue

        # Get track
        track = Value( Mstar , Age , param , ModelData=ModelData )

        # Add to dictionary
        Data[param] = track

    return Data

def _ReadEvolutionTrack(starEvoDir,evoModels,Mstar,MstarFilenameMiddle):
    """Loads the stellar evolution models from Spada et al. (2013) for a mass bin and puts it into a dictionary."""

    # Set strings for starting and ending of filenames
    filename_prefix = starEvoDir + "/" + evoModels + "/M"
    filename_postfix1 = "_" + evoModels + ".track1"
    filename_postfix2 = "_" + evoModels + ".track2"

    # Get names of data files holding evo models
    filename1 = filename_prefix + MstarFilenameMiddle + filename_postfix1
    filename2 = filename_prefix + MstarFilenameMiddle + filename_postfix2

    # Read contents of files
    with open(filename1,'r') as f:
        content1 = f.readlines()
    with open(filename2,'r') as f:
        content2 = f.readlines()

    # Number of header lines
    nHeader = 1

    # Remove any duplicate ages
    content1 = _RemoveDuplicateAges(nHeader,content1)
    content2 = _RemoveDuplicateAges(nHeader,content2)

    # Make sure they are the same lengths
    if not ( len(content1) == len(content2) ):
        raise Exception("two evo files not same length")

    # Get number of age bins
    nAge = len(content1) - nHeader

    # Make arrays to hold desired quantities
    Age = np.zeros(nAge)
    Rstar = np.zeros(nAge)
    Lbol = np.zeros(nAge)
    Teff = np.zeros(nAge)
    Itotal = np.zeros(nAge)
    Icore = np.zeros(nAge)
    Ienv = np.zeros(nAge)
    Mcore = np.zeros(nAge)
    Menv = np.zeros(nAge)
    Rcore = np.zeros(nAge)
    tauConv = np.zeros(nAge)
    dItotaldt = np.zeros(nAge)
    dIcoredt = np.zeros(nAge)
    dIenvdt = np.zeros(nAge)
    dMcoredt = np.zeros(nAge)
    dRcoredt = np.zeros(nAge)

    # Read quantities from first file into the arrays (has age, Lbol, and Rstar)
    iAge = 0
    for line in content1[nHeader:len(content1)]:

        # Split data into list
        data = line.split()

        # Read data
        Age[iAge] = data[0]
        Lbol[iAge] = data[4]
        Teff[iAge] = data[7]
        Rstar[iAge] = data[5]

        # Update index
        iAge += 1

    # Read quantities from second file into the arrays (has Itotal, Ienv, Menv, Rcore, and tauConv)
    iAge = 0
    for line in content2[nHeader:len(content2)]:

        # Split data into list
        data = line.split()

        # Read data
        Itotal[iAge] = data[7]
        Ienv[iAge] = data[6]
        Menv[iAge] = data[2]
        Rcore[iAge] = data[3]
        tauConv[iAge] = data[4]

        # Update i
        iAge += 1

    # Change some units and convert from log to lin
    Age[:] = Age[:] * 1000.0 # convert from Gyr into Myr
    Rstar[:] = 10.0**Rstar[:] # convert into linear since Spada has in log
    Lbol[:] = 10.0**Lbol[:] # also this one
    Teff[:] = 10.0**Teff[:] # also this one

    # Get some core quantities
    Icore[:] = Itotal[:] - Ienv[:]
    Mcore[:] = ( 1.0 - Menv[:] ) * Mstar
    Rcore[:] = Rcore[:] * Rstar[:]

    # Get gradients
    dItotaldt[:] = _CalculateGradient( Age , Itotal )
    dIcoredt[:] = _CalculateGradient( Age , Icore )
    dIenvdt[:] = _CalculateGradient( Age , Ienv )
    dMcoredt[:] = _CalculateGradient( Age , Mcore )
    dRcoredt[:] = _CalculateGradient( Age , Rcore )

    # Round mass and ages to nDecValue decimal places as specified at top of file
    Mstar = np.round( Mstar , decimals=nDecValue )
    Age = np.round( Age , decimals=nDecValue )

    # Add all quantities to the dictionary
    Data = {}
    Data['Mstar'] = Mstar
    Data['Age'] = Age
    Data['Rstar'] = Rstar
    Data['Lbol'] = Lbol
    Data['Teff'] = Teff
    Data['Itotal'] = Itotal
    Data['Icore'] = Icore
    Data['Ienv'] = Ienv
    Data['Mcore'] = Mcore
    Data['Menv'] = Menv
    Data['Rcore'] = Rcore
    Data['tauConv'] = tauConv
    Data['dItotaldt'] = dItotaldt
    Data['dIcoredt'] = dIcoredt
    Data['dIenvdt'] = dIenvdt
    Data['dMcoredt'] = dMcoredt
    Data['dRcoredt'] = dRcoredt

    return Data

def _RemoveDuplicateAges(nHeader,content):
    """Takes lines from evo file, removes duplicate ages."""

    # This is necessary because one of the Spada files has an age repeated a few times.

    # Start list
    contentNew = []

    # Add header lines
    for line in content[0:nHeader]:
        contentNew.append(line)

    # Get age of first line
    data = content[nHeader].split()
    AgeLast = float(data[0])

    # Loop over remaning lines and decide which to add (all but duplicate ages)
    for line in content[nHeader+1:len(content)]:

        # Get age
        data = line.split()
        Age = float(data[0])

        # Add line if not same age (within some tolerance)
        if not ( abs(Age/AgeLast-1.0) < 1.0e-5 ):
            contentNew.append(line)

        # Update AgeLast
        AgeLast = Age

    return contentNew

def _ValueSingle(Mstar,Age,ParamString,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes stellar mass and age and parameter string, returns value of that parameter at that mass and age."""

    ## Make sure Mstar and age are floats
    #if not isinstance(Mstar,float):
        #raise Exception("argument Mstar must be float in call to Value")
    #if not isinstance(Age,float):
        #raise Exception("argument Age must be float in call to Value")

    # Make sure ParamString is indeed a string
    if not isinstance(ParamString,str):
        raise Exception("argument ParamString must be string in call to Value")

    # Make sure ParamString corresponds to a valid parameter
    if ParamString not in ModelData['ParamsAll']:
        raise Exception("parameter '"+ParamString+"' is not valid")

    # Check if an evolutionary track for this exact stellar mass is present
    if ( Mstar in ModelData ):

        # In this case, an evo track for this exact stellar mass is already loaded and all is needed is an interpolation
        # but first check the age is within the correct age limit
        _CheckAgeLimit( ModelData[Mstar]['Age'] , Age )
        value = _Interpolate1D( ModelData[Mstar]['Age'] , ModelData[Mstar][ParamString] , Age )

    else:

        # In this case, no evo track for this specific mass is loaded and so a 2D interpolation between values from two
        # separate mass bins is needed
        # Note, it is not assumed that the mass bins are loaded into the dictionary in ascending order

        # Make sure within mass limit
        _CheckMassLimit( ModelData['MstarAll'] , Mstar )

        # Get nearest mass bin below
        iMin = misc._getIndexLT( ModelData['MstarAll'] , Mstar )
        MstarMin = ModelData['MstarAll'][iMin]

        # Get nearest mass bin above
        iMax = misc._getIndexGT( ModelData['MstarAll'] , Mstar )
        MstarMax = ModelData['MstarAll'][iMax]

        # Check age ranges for both (max first since the upper limit is likely lower)
        _CheckAgeLimit( ModelData[MstarMax]['Age'] , Age )
        _CheckAgeLimit( ModelData[MstarMin]['Age'] , Age )

        # Do interpolation
        value = _Interpolate2D( MstarMin , MstarMax , Mstar ,
                                ModelData[MstarMin]['Age'] , ModelData[MstarMax]['Age'] , Age ,
                                ModelData[MstarMin][ParamString] , ModelData[MstarMax][ParamString] )

    return value

def _shouldCompileNew(starEvoDir,evoModels):
    """Takes directory for stellar evo models, returns if new grid needs to be compiled."""

    # Initially assume need to compile new
    compileNew = True

    # Check if previously compiled models already exist
    if ( os.path.isfile(starEvoDir+"/"+evoModels+".pickle") ):
        compileNew = False

    return compileNew

def dIcoredt(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns rate of change of core moment of inertia."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'dIcoredt' , ModelData=ModelData )

def dIenvdt(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns rate of change of envelope moment of inertia."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'dIenvdt' , ModelData=ModelData )

def dItotaldt(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns rate of change of total moment of inertia."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'dItotaldt' , ModelData=ModelData )

def dMcoredt(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns rate of change of core mass."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'dMcoredt' , ModelData=ModelData )

def dRcoredt(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns rate of change of core radius."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'dRcoredt' , ModelData=ModelData )

def tauConv(Mstar,Age,ModelData=ModelDataDefault):
    """Takes mass and age, returns convective turnover time."""
    return Value( Mstar , Age , 'tauConv' , ModelData=ModelData )